How to buy a flat in the Netherlands: a step-by-step guide for Russians

Many people are concerned about how to obtain Dutch citizenship in 2025. The answer lies not in the glamour of Amsterdam, but in following the legal requirements and providing facts from your immigration history. Every path to citizenship is not a formality, but a calibrated sequence of actions where there is no room for chance. The conditions may have changed, but the system’s approach remains the same: strict but clear. If you have the necessary data, have taken the necessary steps and have serious intentions – the goal is achievable. We will go through each method in detail, focusing on the key requirements and steps.

Legal start: through naturalisation

Naturalisation is the classic way of obtaining Dutch citizenship. It is suitable for most migrants who have undergone long-term adaptation.
Prerequisites:

• continuous residence for at least 5 years under a Dutch residence permit, including residence in the Kingdom for at least 80% of the time;
• Successful completion of a language, culture and constitutional exam;
• no criminal record;
• renunciation of previous civil status, with few exceptions.

As of 1 January 2025, the integration exam has been modernised. It is fully digitalised. It includes listening, a written part and an interview. The average level of requirements is B1, according to the CEFR. The result is Dutch citizenship, with all the rights of an EU citizen.

Option: shortcuts for “their own”

The optatisation procedure is not an indulgence, but a recognition of the rights of persons historically linked to the Netherlands. It is one of the least known but realistic ways of obtaining Dutch citizenship.
Those who can take advantage of it are:

• persons who were born in the country and have lived there for at least 3 years;
• children whose parents are Dutch;
• former subjects of the kingdom who have lost their passport for technical reasons.

The opt-in process is a pure formality: registration in the municipality, submission of an application, confirmation of facts. The passport is issued after 3-6 months. The principle of confirmation, not proof, applies here.

By birth and by blood: transfer by law

It is possible to acquire Dutch citizenship by birthright if one of the parents is a Dutch citizen. Act No. 305 (ed. 2022) preserves this right regardless of the territory of birth. When you are born in the country from foreign parents, you are not granted a passport of the country. But after 3 years of residence it is possible to apply for an option. Adoption by a Dutch citizen gives the right to formalisation, subject to international norms.

How to obtain Dutch citizenship through marriage

Marriage to a Dutch citizen does not automatically entitle you to Dutch citizenship, but it does open the way to citizenship through naturalisation. One of the key conditions is a minimum of 3 years of living together in the Netherlands or 5 years outside the Netherlands. The marriage must be intact at the time of application. The IND immigration office carefully checks the authenticity of the relationship. It looks at the presence of common children, shared household, photographs, correspondence and financial ties. In 2024, 12 per cent of applications were rejected because of suspected sham marriages. Preparation for filing should be as thorough as possible, focusing on the real facts of living together.

Dual nationality: strictly but with reservations

If you are thinking about obtaining a Dutch passport, it is important to consider the prohibition on dual Dutch citizenship. The law requires you to relinquish your former passport upon naturalisation.

Exceptions apply if:

• the country does not allow refusal (e.g. Iran);
• the applicant is married to a Dutchman;
• civilian status obtained by option;
• the loss of the first passport will result in damages;
• the person was born with two citizenships.

In 2024, the IND approved 23 per cent of applications with retention of previous citizenship. The decision depends on the circumstances and the level of integration.

Immigration and residence permit: transition to citizenship status

Any path to Dutch citizenship starts with legal status. Immigration to the Netherlands is by labour, study, family or humanitarian status. A permanent or long-term residence permit for the Netherlands is needed to go through the naturalisation procedure. Temporary residence permit is not taken into account. The steps include selecting a category, applying to the IND, possible MVV, registration, annual renewal. Since 2025, migrants follow the process through the DigiD online office.

Examination, language and culture: compulsory stage

The main filter on the way to how to get Dutch citizenship is the Inburgering exam. It includes:

• understanding, speaking and writing in Dutch;
• Knowledge of laws and social norms.

Until 2021 – A2 level, from 2022 – B1 level. In 2025 it is planned to strengthen to B1+ with the addition of digital skills. The integration course is compulsory. The municipality sends it to an accredited centre. The duration is up to 18 months. Without the course, refusal is inevitable, even if all other conditions are fulfilled. For children under 16 years of age, a simplified scheme is in place: the written part is adapted and the oral part is removed altogether.

How to build a path to legalisation and naturalisation

Emigration to the Netherlands is not just a change of country, but a strategic decision that opens the way to permanent residence. The initial step is to choose a solid migration base. One of the most attractive options is participation in the EU Blue Card programme. It provides a residence permit with the prospect of obtaining a permanent residence permit after three years, rather than the standard five. There is a special type of visa for innovative entrepreneurs. Called startup visa, issued with the support of one of the 36 recognised facilitators relevant for 2025.

Determining the basis for migration

The most common legal avenues are:

• employment under contract with a Dutch employer;
• training at accredited universities or research institutes;
• Family reunification or partnership with a national/resident of the country.

Financial planning

Living in the Netherlands requires a stable income and a clear budget:

• rent starts from 950 € per month (depending on the city and type of property);
• food costs – minimum 300 € per person per month;
• additional expenses: transport, mobile communications, utilities, leisure activities.

Analysing key areas

Before moving, it’s important to research:

• the labour market for your profession or business niche;
• health care system: compulsory insurance, choice of family doctor, registration with GGD;
• education: entry conditions, types of schools, language support for children and students.

Drawing up of mandatory documents

Legal residency requires:

• conclude a health insurance contract (basic policy is compulsory for all residents);
• open a bank account in a Dutch bank to receive your salary, pay your rent and other daily expenses;
• get a BSN (personal taxpayer number) – the key to accessing all state services.

Each of these steps is a brick in the foundation of your new life. The more thoroughly you work through the preparatory phase, the more confident you will feel as a new resident of the Netherlands. Start with the right strategy and it will only be a matter of time before you are on the road to citizenship.

How to obtain Dutch citizenship: conclusions

Obtaining Dutch citizenship is a process that requires careful planning and strict adherence to regulations. Each path available consists of sequential steps that go far beyond mere formality. Citizenship status cannot be achieved without proven integration into society, proficiency in the national language and demonstration of strong ties to the country.

Although the immigration system is transparent, it requires the active participation of the applicant at every stage. Only by completing all the necessary procedures legally can you gain access to a Dutch passport, the full range of rights of an EU citizen and a wide range of opportunities that are not limited by national borders.

The beautiful picture of canals, tulips and windmills is only part of the reality. Life in the Netherlands is full of both pleasant surprises and unexpected difficulties. The country offers unique conditions, but requires careful preparation and adaptation. Let’s look at the key features of this kingdom, advantages and disadvantages for those who are thinking of moving.

Moving to the Netherlands: what you need to know about living abroad

Moving to this country requires preparing documents, choosing a city and adapting to a new culture. The Netherlands is known for its high level of bureaucracy, so it is important to know every step of the process in advance.

Documents and residence permits in the Netherlands

For long-term residence in the country it is necessary to apply for a residence permit (Permit to Stay). There are different categories of permits suitable for specific relocation purposes:

1. The working residence permit is suitable for highly qualified professionals. To obtain it, you need an invitation from a Dutch employer and a salary that meets the minimum requirements (from 3000 € per month for professionals over 30 years of age).
2. A student visa is issued when you enrol in a university or college. A letter of enrolment, proof of financial solvency (about 10,000 € per year) and health insurance are required.
3. Residence permits for investors are granted for investments of 1.25 million euros or more in the country’s economy. The money must be invested in local companies or start-ups.

It takes from 3 to 6 months to obtain a residence permit. The process requires a full package of documents: passport, medical insurance, income certificates and other papers. An incomplete package or errors in the documents will result in refusal or delay of the process.

How to choose a city to live in the Netherlands

Each region has its own characteristics, climate, cost of living and professional opportunities:

1. Amsterdam is the capital, where museums, international companies and start-ups are centred. High salaries are compensated by expensive rent (a one-room flat in the centre costs from 1500 €).
2. Rotterdam is a city of modern skyscrapers and Europe’s largest port. The industrial centre of the Netherlands with a developed economy and moderate cost of living.
3. The Hague is the political capital, home to embassies, international courts and major government offices. An excellent choice for lawyers, diplomats and civil servants.
4. Utrecht is a student centre with thousands of years of history. The city is characterised by a well-developed infrastructure and moderate housing prices.

Smaller cities such as Leiden, Haarlem or Eindhoven offer a quieter atmosphere and less competition on the labour market.

The pros of living in the Netherlands

What makes life in the Netherlands attractive for Russian emigrants? A high standard of living, a stable economy and an advanced social system attract thousands of immigrants every year.

Social support and standard of living

The Dutch social system provides residents with stability and protection at all stages of life. The state supports not only working citizens, but also those who are temporarily in a difficult situation:

1. Health insurance is compulsory for all residents of the country. The basic package costs about 120 € per month and covers visits to general practitioners, check-ups and emergency care. Additional insurance allows you to get dental and physiotherapy services.
2. Unemployment benefit is 70 per cent of the last salary and is paid for up to 24 months. You must have worked for at least 26 weeks in the last year in order to receive the benefit.
3. The pension system in the country is based on three levels: state pension, corporate pension funds and personal savings. The average pension is about 1100 € per month.

Social programmes include support for families, students and people with disabilities. The Dutch state actively cares for the well-being of its citizens, creating conditions for a stable and comfortable life.

Economy and job opportunities

The country’s economy is among the top 20 most developed economies in the world. Major industries include logistics, information technology, finance and agriculture. Major companies such as Shell, Philips and Unilever offer high-paying jobs for professionals from different countries.

The average salary is 2800 € after tax. In the IT sector, specialists earn between 3500 and 6000 € per month, engineers around 4000 € and doctors up to 7000 €. The working week lasts 36-40 hours, but many companies offer flexible schedules and the possibility of remote work.

High cost of living in the Netherlands

Life in the Netherlands requires considerable financial investment, especially for emigrants who are used to Russian realities. The daily costs of housing, transport, groceries and services can surprise even those who have prepared themselves for the move.

Housing is one of the biggest expense items. Renting a one-room flat in the centre of Amsterdam costs from 1500 to 1800 euros per month. On the outskirts, the cost drops to €1000 to €1200, but accessibility to public transport becomes critical. In other major cities such as Rotterdam and The Hague, renting a one-bedroom apartment costs 1200-1400 euros in the centre and 900-1000 euros on the periphery. Utility bills range from €150 to €250 per month, including heating, electricity, water and internet.

Food prices are also higher than the European average. For example:

1. Bread – 1,5 € per loaf.
2. Milk – €1.2 per litre.
3. Chicken fillet – 8 € per kilo.
4. Fruits and vegetables cost between €2 and €4 per kilo depending on the season.

A visit to a café or restaurant will cost 15-20 € per person. A cup of coffee costs around €3, and lunch at a mid-range establishment costs between €20 and €30. Transport costs are also high. A monthly pass for public transport in Amsterdam costs about 90 €, and a single trip costs 3 €. Petrol costs around €2 per litre. Parking in the city centre can cost up to 7 € per hour. Despite the high costs, the country offers quality services and a high level of comfort.

Property in the Netherlands for Russians

Buying or renting a home is one of the main issues when moving. Living in the Netherlands requires an understanding of the local property market, which is highly expensive and has strict rules.

How to find and arrange accommodation

The process of finding a facility can take several months due to high competition. In large cities, demand for flats exceeds supply, which makes the rental process challenging.

The main stages of the housing search:

1. Choice of region and city. Amsterdam and The Hague are suitable for those looking to work for international companies. Rotterdam is suitable for engineers and logistics specialists.
2. Use of online platforms. Funda.nl, Pararius.com, Kamernet.nl. These sites offer up-to-date adverts from owners and agencies.
3. Document preparation. Passport, proof of income, employment contract, certificate of trustworthiness from the previous landlord.
4. Formalisation of the lease agreement. The deposit is usually the amount of two months’ rent.

The average cost of a flat in Amsterdam is around €500,000. Mortgages are granted at 2-3% per annum, but require a down payment of 10-20% of the property value.

Additional Costs:

1. Purchase tax – 2% of the property value.
2. Notary services – from 1000 to 2000 €.
3. The realtor’s commission is about 1% of the home’s value.

Conclusion

Life in the Netherlands combines a high level of comfort with the difficulties of adaptation. High prices, bureaucracy and climatic peculiarities can be a challenge for new emigrants. However, social security, stable economy, quality education and developed infrastructure compensate for these difficulties.